Water Softening FAQ
Water softening is widely spread in industrial and domestic applications. In this post we explain the basics of this technology
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Watercore designs, builds and installs a wide range of water and wastewater treatment systems for industrial and commercial applications: Iron filtration, reverse osmosis desalination, chlorination and UV disinfection, water softening etc.
Focusing on industrial and commercial projects, Watercore combines different technologies to succeed in each industry: cooling systems, boilers, irrigation water, etc. In remote communities, Watercore collaborates to supply reliable safe drinking water and upgrade of distribution systems and treatment plants.
Water softening is widely spread in industrial and domestic applications. In this post we explain the basics of this technology
Many reverse osmosis concepts are complex and often misunderstood. Let us walk you through the main tips and tricks of this desalination technology
Feedwater analysis has always been the most important criterion to design and estimate the performance of Reverse Osmosis desalination plants, however it is common to find unpredictable and inconsistent feeedwater salinity with frequent and significant variations.
All Watercore RO systems incorporate a PLC that controls the concentrate-valve and automatically adjusts and optimises key performance parameters.
Reverse osmosis foulants are small particles and bacteria found in the system feed water that get trapped and accumulate on the membrane surface, preventing water permeability and reducing the membrane and whole RO equipment performance.
RO membrane cleaning is recommended when there is an increase in salt passage or pressure that can be linked to membrane fouling, just before any medium or long term shutdown or as part of the scheduled RO maintenance protocol, typically every 3 to 6 month.
A pilot plant is a collection of equipment and other materials designed to simulate what will happen on a full-scale water treatment process.
Pilot testing offers the flexibility to evaluate the performance of a scale plant that will work in real site conditions. It will show what needs to be improved and where weaknesses are.
Concentration of residual Chlorine after disinfection or oxidation is often too high for distribution, discharge to the environment or for other downstream processes such as reverse osmosis desalination.
Amongst other methods, chemical dechlorination by means of Sodium Bisulphite (NaHSO3) is very common for various reasons:
The reaction between Chlorine and Sodium Bisulfite is practically immediate, comes at a lower costs than other chemicals and is widely available
The use of soft water as cooling tower source water is beneficial in many ways, eliminating Calcium precipitates, providing a natural passivation method that prevents corrosion and increasing the number of concentration cycles with less chemicals.
Water softening is one of the most beneficial water management options for cooling towers
Cooling towers draw air through the internal fill to provide the evaporative conditions that are responsible for water cooling.
Rule-of-thumb says that around 900–1800 m3 of air is in contact with each m3 of water.
The air normally contains particles of dust, soil, organic matter and other small contaminants in suspension. These particles are dragged from the air, carried by the cooling tower water stream and settle to the bottom.
Sidestream filtration is an economical and effective solution for cooling systems
Modern industrial RO desalination systems are fully automated and staffed only in case of malfunctions, alarms or membrane cleaning. Sensors play a major role in the reverse osmosis control process.
Feedback dosing control, where a flow-pace control is combined with a residual Chlorine or ORP sensor feedback reading, is the best available dosing control for disinfection or oxidation. However, the lag-time between the dosing point and the sensor reading can be problematic when the feedwater quality is inconsistent.
Modern stringent environmental regulations along with water scarcity have increased pressure on water recycling in cooling tower systems. Reverse Osmosis desalination is the primary and most affordable water recycling technique.
Disinfection plays a major role in drinking water supplies, being the final stage before its distribution. However disinfection is also a critical part of commercial and industrial water supply systems: hospitals, cooling towers and food processing are examples these industries.
Turbidity of water is a key parameter in drinking water quality and makes disinfection more difficult.
Modern filtration media, based on activated alumino-silicate glass, can deliver a higher water quality, with at least 50% lower chlorine oxidation demand than an equivalent sand filter.
Most RO systems are not good with recovery rates, electrical power demand and the need of a very consistent feed water composition. Watercore
Our energy-efficient BWRO systems fix all these problems
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